Neuronal migration and disorders – an update

This review highlights genes, proteins and subcellular mechanisms, recently shown to influence cortical neuronal migration. A current view on mechanisms which become disrupted in a diverse array of migration disorders is presented. The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton major player migrating neurons. Recently, variable impacts MTs have been revealed different cell compartments. Thus there are multiplicity effects involving centrosomal, microtubule-associated, as well motor proteins. However, other causative factors also emerge, illuminating research. These include disruptions the actin cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, adhesion molecules signaling pathways, especially such periventricular heterotopia. recent advances often involve use human vitro models model organisms. Focusing cell-type specific knockouts knockins, generating omics functional data, all seem critical for an integrated dysfunction.